Because of the special properties of titanium alloy, titanium alloy thin wall parts processing will appear in the process of chip, chip, chip, so it is more difficult to prevent the distortion of processing parts. The parts processing process is divided into rough machining (rough turning), stress relief aging, semi-finishing and finishing and cutting off fixed length. Among them, the stress relief aging process is mainly to release the cutting stress involved in the rough machining process and avoid to bring it to the subsequent process.
Continue Reading →Tantalum rings are used in the manufacture of semiconductor PVD. When the tantalum ring is covered in the coating process and sputtering off, it will be discarded. Knob (hereinafter referred to as knob) is an accessory of tantalum ring, which is welded to the tantalum ring. Meanwhile, knob has a thick covering on its surface, which cannot be reused. It is usually discarded together with the tantalum ring. As a result, new knob-welded tantalum rings are required, increasing the production cost of the semiconductor. To sum up, it is an urgent technical problem for technicians in this field to realize knob's repair and reuse and reduce the production cost of semiconductor.
Continue Reading →The surface of pure titanium is usually modified in order to make it bioactive due to its thin and non-bioactive oxide film generated in air. In this paper, in order to improve the bioactivity of titanium implants, titanium dioxide (0102) nanotube layer was prepared on the surface of titanium by electrochemical anodic oxidation. Then the bioactivity of the "1"102 nanotube layer was further enhanced by biological activation method, and the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the modified surface were studied by simulated body fluid (sBF) immersion and osteoblast culture experiments. Ti02 nanotubes prepared on the surface of titanium were continuously distributed, closely arranged, and grew perpendicular to the surface of titanium.
Continue Reading →Zirconium is a reactive metal with great affinity to oxygen. The excellent corrosion resistance of the oxide film makes it suitable for multiple corrosion environments.
Continue Reading →It is a carbon fiber reinforced polymer blended with titanium alloy, which has the high strength and toughness of titanium alloy, but also does not lose the characteristics of lightweight carbon fiber.
Continue Reading →Increasing the size of the interface zirconium oxide crystal can reduce the tetragonal phase fraction near the interface, so as to reduce the internal stress caused by the transition from tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase, and reduce the diffusion path of H and O in the oxide film. Controlling the texture can make the matrix orientation match with zirconia lattice as much as possible, and also be beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance [43]. The stability of the tetragonal phase is affected by many factors. The transition from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase affects the microstructure of the oxide film, which is the main factor controlling the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys.
Continue Reading →The natural property of tantalum: tantalum has an atomic number of 73 and an atomic weight of 180. The element was discovered in 1802 by Swedish chemist erkberry tantalite, and it was isolated in 1903 by Russian chemist bolten. Tantalum is a rare metal found in 0.02 percent of the earth's crust.
Continue Reading →Spraying to prepare metal targets is the process of heating the target materials to molten or semi-molten state by electric arc, atomizing them with the help of high-speed gas, forming small melting drops, and accelerating spraying to the surface of liner or liner plate, rapidly cooling and solidifying into metal coating targets. Nonmetallic and ceramic targets are usually sprayed by plasma heating of powder materials. The target casting technology can be divided into three different casting forms: the integral casting without liner or liner plate, the direct casting with liner or liner plate, and the subsection casting with sling and then bonding to the target (Ag, etc.).
Continue Reading →In basic research in high energy physics, researchers use superconducting accelerators to penetrate the interior of materials. They investigate basic interactions and the smallest possible structures and come up with entirely new knowledge and methods. They lay the groundwork for new technologies and sustainable solutions to the challenges of the future: energy supply, climate protection and health care.
Continue Reading →1. Early alignment of patients' dentition due to the hyper elasticity, shape memory performance and low stress-strain curve of Nitinol alloy arch wire, currently Nitinol alloy arch wire is routinely used as the arch wire in the initial orthodontic system, so that patients' discomfort will be greatly reduced. Because there are several different straight wire bow rectification technology……
Continue Reading →Generally, dicing street is formed when a semiconductor device (chip) is fabricated on a wafer (such as a silicon wafer of a semiconductor wafer) in order to saw the semiconductor wafer during the final assembly and encapsulation/sealing phase. The cutting trails include widths from technology to technology, and the cutting trails surround each chip on the chip on each side (for example, four sides if the chip is rectangular).
Continue Reading →Zirconium and hafnium, in the eyes of ordinary people are two special metal materials, do not have special significance. In fact, zirconium is often used as fuel cladding material and core structure material for nuclear reactors due to its unique nuclear properties, such as small muon absorption cross section, excellent corrosion resistance at high temperature, high pressure and water, and good radiation resistance in nuclear reactors.
Continue Reading →Molybdenum titanium alloy is an alloy based on molybdenum with a small amount of titanium elements. The most famous molybdenum titanium alloy is mo-0.5ti alloy. Most of the molybdenum titanium alloy powder mixing, pressing, sintering alloy ingots, and then processed into materials. The process is simple and the yield is high. Gold contains titanium 0.4%~0.55% (mass fraction) and carbon 0.01%~0.04% (mass fraction). Titanium is solidly soluble in molybdenum, which plays a role of solid solution strengthening. Carbon in molybdenum and alloy forms dispersion carbide particle, which plays a role of precipitation strengthening.
Continue Reading →In practice, the heat transfer effect of heat exchanger is closely related to the material and process characteristics of heat exchanger. In the process of material concentration, solutes or impurities often deposit on the heated surface and crystallize to form scale layer, which affects heat transfer. Some solutes are heat sensitive and tend to deteriorate if they stay too long at high temperature. Some materials have greater corrosion or higher viscosity and so on.
Continue Reading →Target material demand in China and the asia-pacific region accounts for more than 70% of the world market share. Many different deposition techniques are used to deposit and grow various thin films, and the target material is the key to make thin films. Current high-end quality target is mainly composed of: Japan, Germany and the United States production, target material industry in China started late, on the fine product quality and standard and the overseas many gap, there are many universities and research institutions to actively invested a lot of study and development of target material, after these years of development, the pearl river delta is a batch of high and new technology target material manufacturer, with a few suppliers has become a well-known international companies such as samsung, they in occupying most of the domestic high-end market share of target.
Continue Reading →A superconducting material consisting of niobium and tin. Niobium and tin can form three intermediate-phase compounds, (Nb3Sn), Nb6Sn5 and NbSn2. They all have superconductivity. Nb3Sn has the highest superconducting critical temperature Tc= 18.05k, and the upper critical magnetic field Hc= 22.5t (4.2k). The critical current density of Jc is about 105A/cm2 (4.2k,10T). Nb3Sn is an Al5 intermetallic compound, cubic crystal system, and the lattice constant a=529.02 ~ 529.16 PM. Nb3Sn has a wide homogeneous region, ranging from 17% to 27% (at) Sn. Niobium tin superconducting alloy is brittle and difficult to be processed into materials. The films were prepared by vapor deposition of niobium and tin chloride through hydrogen reduction. Niobium-tin superconducting materials have been applied to superconducting magnets.
Continue Reading →As the hardness of the material being machined and the cutting speed increase, the high temperature performance of the carbide cutting tool is required to be higher. In the existing technology, (Ta, Nb)C is usually added to cemented carbide blades, and one of its functions is to act as a growth inhibitor of cemented carbide grains. The addition of (Ta, Nb)C can prevent the growth of cemented carbide grains in the sintering process. The second function of TiC is to form the third dispersion phase with the exception of WC and Co, which significantly increases the thermal shock resistance, thermal pressure resistance and oxidation resistance of cemented carbides and improves the thermal hardness of cemented carbides. Due to the continuous improvement of application requirements and harsh application environment, the metallographic structure of cemented carbide is more uniform and finer, which puts forward higher requirements for the high temperature resistance performance of cemented carbide. A new solid solution powder was developed, which made the hard alloy have higher high temperature resistance.
Continue Reading →The invention relates to an observation method for niobium and hafnium alloy metallographic structure, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps :(1) the observation surface of niobium and hafnium alloy sample is machined into a plane, and then ground on the metallographic grinding machine. (2) dip niobium and hafnium alloy samples washed out of the sand in step (1) into the polishing solution for chemical polishing, and then rinse with clean water; The polishing solution is a mixture of H2SO4, HNO3 and HF mixed at a volume ratio of 5:1 ~ 2:1 ~ 2. The H2S04, HNO3 and HF are pure analytical reagents……
Continue Reading →Niobium and tantalum aluminium can form dielectric oxide film on the surface of niobium capacitor. Similar to tantalum capacitors, niobium capacitors are crystallized by amorphous dielectric oxide film.
Continue Reading →Tantalum also has excellent chemical properties and high corrosion resistance. It does not react to hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and aqua regia under either hot or cold conditions. But tantalum corroded in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, and under 150 ℃, tantalum is not concentrated sulfuric acid corrosion, only in the higher temperature will have a reaction, 1 year, in the 175 degrees of sulfuric acid corrosion of thickness is 0.0004 mm, the tantalum in 200 ℃ of sulfuric acid soaking for one year, the surface damage of only 0.006 mm. At 250 degrees, the corrosion rate increased to 0.116 mm per annum. At 300 degrees, the corrosion rate increased to 1.368 mm per annum after 1 year of immersion. The corrosion rate of fuming sulfuric acid (containing 15% SO3) was more serious than that of concentrated sulfuric acid. The surface was corroded to a thickness of 15.6 mm by soaking in the solution of 130 degrees for one year.
Continue Reading →Stents come in a variety of materials, depending on what you're using. Generally the main material is metal, but metal biocompatibility is not good, there are biological materials.
Continue Reading →As an ideal material for biological titanium equipment and titanium alloy -- human body implant, metallic material is a serious branch of material science. It has been used in human body implant for more than 400 years. Britain was the first country to use pure gold plates to repair skulls and fit teeth, and then, after fainting, to continuously operate the key pieces for stable fractures of silver, iron plates, iron wires and iron-base alloys. During the second national night war, countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan manipulated large amounts of stainless steel as human implants. In the early 1950s, following the development of the rare metal property, titanium, niobium and zirconium in the processed and cast state were used as human implants for clinical implementation.
Continue Reading →(1)The powders were mixed with tantalum powder with an average particle size of 3 m ~ 5 m and tungsten powder with an average particle size of 3 m as raw materials and weighed according to the required proportion.
Continue Reading →In fact, 3D printing technology has not been developed for a long time in China. 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing. Based on the data of 3D model, it is a process to make materials into objects. You should know little about the 3D printing powder of these two metals. At least in China, the research on the spherical powder of refractory metals in the field of 3D printing powder of metals is relatively rare.
Continue Reading →Axle is walking part of the key vehicle parts, and bears the weight of the vehicle load, when vehicle running and parking also inherit the impact force and braking force, under the conditions of high speed and heavy loading situation is more complex, is key to railway construction of the three parts (heavy rail, axle and wheel), one of the train axle belongs to very large axisymmetric ladder-like shaft parts, its largest diameter is 200 mm, length is 2200 mm or so.
Continue Reading →Chemical composition (mass fraction) % (Cr:0.1-0.8, Zr:0.3-0.6) hardness (hrb78-83) conductivity 43ms/m. Chrome-zirconium copper has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high hardness, abrasion resistance, explosion resistance, crack resistance and high softening temperature, less electrode loss during welding, welding speed, welding total cost is low, suitable for welding machine electrode related pipe fitting, but electroplated workpiece performance is general.
Continue Reading →Tungsten, molybdenum and their alloys have become important materials for electronic power equipment manufacturing, metal material processing, glass manufacturing, high-temperature furnace structural parts manufacturing, aerospace and national defense industries because of their good thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature strength, low vapor pressure and wear resistance.
Continue Reading →Armored titanium alloy TC4, its nominal composition is ti-6al-4v, belongs to (+) two-phase titanium alloy, with the advantages of high specific strength, durable corrosion resistance, small thermal deformation resistance, good dynamic bearing performance, excellent elastic resistance and lower production cost. In recent years, with the development of low-cost preparation technology of titanium alloy, more and more attention has been paid to the field of armor titanium alloy.
Continue Reading →Common heat treatment methods include annealing, solid solution and aging treatment. Annealing is to eliminate internal stress, improve plasticity and microstructure stability, so as to obtain better comprehensive properties. Alpha alloy and usually (alpha + beta) alloy annealing temperature in (alpha + beta) ─ to beta phase transition point below the 120 ~ 200 ℃; The solid solution and aging treatment is to get the martensite 'phase and the metastable phase from the rapid cooling at high temperature, and then the decomposition of these metastable phases in the heat insulation at medium temperature to get the fine dispersion of the second phase particles such as phase or compounds, so as to strengthen the alloy. Usually (alpha + beta) alloy quenching in (alpha + beta) ─ and beta phase transition point below 40 ~ 100 ℃, metastable beta alloy quenching in (alpha + beta) ─ and beta phase transition point above 40 ~ 80 ℃. Aging treatment temperature of 450 ~ 550 ℃.
Continue Reading →Axle is one of the most important moving and bearing parts in all kinds of vehicles. As the axle bears dynamic load, the stress state is relatively complex, such as bending load, torsion load, bending and torsion combined load, and is subject to certain impact, especially high-speed emu axle, its stress state is more complex. Therefore, the axle of high-speed emu may be broken due to fatigue, bending, torsion or tensile stress during service. In order to ensure the safe operation of vehicles, the axle of high-speed emu must have sufficient reliability and fatigue safety factor. The axle material of high-speed emu is one of the key factors to determine the service life and reliability of the axle.
Continue Reading →Sputtering is one of the main techniques for preparing thin film materials. Bombarding the solid surface with accelerated ions, ions exchange momentum with the atoms on the solid surface, and make the atoms on the solid surface leave the solid and deposit on the base surface. This process is called sputtering. The bombarded solids are the source materials, usually called target materials, for depositing thin films by sputtering. Sputtering is a key process in semiconductor chip manufacturing, and the quality of sputtering target plays an important role in the quality of sputtering thin films.
Continue Reading →Nickel-based alloy refers to the 650 ~ 1000 ℃ high temperature with high strength and certain oxidation corrosion resistance and so on comprehensive performance of the alloy. It can be divided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloy, nickel-based corrosion resistant alloy, nickel-based wear-resistant alloy, nickel-based precision alloy and nickel-based shape memory alloy according to its main properties. Nickel base alloy products mainly include: electric stove, electric iron, turbine engine turbine disc, combustion chamber and turbine blades, color TV, communications equipment, the pendulum clock and measuring tape, manufacturing furniture, have the fine tools, the performance of permanent magnet used on spacecraft automatic open structure, since the motivation of aerospace industrial fasteners and biomedical use artificial heart motor, etc. It is widely used in aviation, shipbuilding, chemical industry, electronics, medicine, energy and other industrial fields.
Continue Reading →Scheelite is a granular or massive shape of transparent to translucent minerals, color with molybdenum content changes, the common color has white, gray, yellow, purple, light brown, red, green and so on, with grease luster or glass luster, about 70% of the global tungsten resources. Scheelite has luminescence, light blue to yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation.
Continue Reading →Sponge titanium refers to the spongy metal titanium with a purity of 98.5% to 99.7% obtained by reducing titanium tetrachloride with magnesium or sodium. Titanium is the most important raw material in industrial production. Sponge titanium is a primary product in the production of titanium metal. After further melting and casting, titanium ingots, namely pure industrial titanium, can be processed into corresponding titanium materials or titanium alloys.
Continue Reading →Tantalum and niobium are refractory rare metals. Their physical and chemical properties are very similar, and they are always associated with each other in nature. At present, there are more than 130 kinds of niobium and tantalum minerals, and more than 30 kinds of common minerals.
Continue Reading →Metal matrix composite, or MMC for short, is a composite material artificially combined with one or more metal or non-metal reinforcing phases with metal and its alloys as the matrix. Most of its reinforcement materials are inorganic non-metallic, such as ceramics, carbon, graphite and boron, etc., can also use wire. It is combined with polymer matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites and carbon/carbon composites to form a modern composite system.
Continue Reading →Zirconium is an important alloying element of magnesium alloys, which can improve the tensile strength and processing properties of magnesium alloys. Zirconium or aluminum-magnesium alloy metamorphism agent, can refine the grain.
Continue Reading →Tantalum niobium ore is relatively effective collector of fatty acids, arsine acid, phosphonic acid, hydroxamic acid, cationic collector.
Continue Reading →About 85% of the metal vanadium in the steel industry is added in the form of ferrovanadium and vanadium nitrogen alloy in steel production to improve the strength, toughness, ductility and heat resistance of steel. Vanadium containing high strength alloy steel is widely used in oil/gas pipeline, construction, bridge, rail and other production and construction. Vanadium containing high strength alloy steel mainly includes: high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel (synthesis); HSLA steel plate; HSLA steel; HSLA steel strip; Advanced high strength strip steel; Threaded reinforcing bars for construction; High carbon steel wire; Rail; Tools and die steel, etc.
Continue Reading →Zirconium alloys in most of the organic acid, inorganic acid, alkali, salt solution and has the very strong corrosion resistance in molten salt, for example, wear-resisting pipe in a wider range of concentration (5% 99.7%), the temperature of 200 ℃, the corrosion rate is less than 1 mpy. But the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloy is better than titanium alloy in hydrochloric acid system. Zirconium alloys are expensive, four times as expensive as graphite and two times as expensive as titanium, but they can withstand high temperatures but not high pressures in corrosive environments. The use of zirconium alloy, pressure gauge buffer tube to extend the life of the equipment, reduce maintenance costs, reduce parking time, but also eliminate the corrosion products caused by product pollution. A great deal of experience shows that zirconium alloys show economic superiority in high temperature and high corrosion environment.
Continue Reading →The mechanical properties and microstructure of 90w-7ni-3fe and Ta alloy with different content were studied by liquid phase sintering. Results show that: after 1480 ℃ 7 x 1 h process preparation of 90 w - ni - fe alloy 3 in density (99.88%) cases, to take three points bending method of elastic modulus E of 286 gpa, the tensile strength of 853 mpa, the elongation rate 9%, rockwell hardness HRC25.3. The elastic modulus decreases rapidly with the increase of porosity P. After 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃ heat treatment is slightly improve the strength, elongation, hardness increased significantly, but the elastic modulus is no obvious change.
Continue Reading →Tungsten-copper composite material is a two-phase structure pseudo-alloy composed mainly of tungsten and copper elements, which is a metal matrix composite material. Due to the great difference in physical properties between copper and tungsten, it cannot be produced by melting casting method, and powder alloy technology is generally used for production.
Continue Reading →Tungsten is an effective strengthening element of niobium, but with the increase of tungsten content, the plasticity and brittleness transition temperature of the alloy will increase, and the grain size will grow significantly. Therefore, in order to obtain high-strength niobium-tungsten alloy, it is necessary to appropriately control the amount of tungsten addition, and at the same time, appropriate amount of elements such as zirconium and hafnium, which refine grain and reduce the brittle transition temperature of plasticity, should be added. 1961 the United States developed the nb-10w-2 for use in the skin of the space shuttle. 5Zr alloy, later developed into Nb-10W-1Zr-0. 1 c alloy. China also developed it successfully in the early 1970s. 5 and NbWl0Zr1C0. 1 alloy.
Continue Reading →The reactor fuel assembly is a key component of the reactor core, whose main function is to protect the dye pellets from coolant erosion, release energy, and shield the leakage of strong radioactive substances. Therefore, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the nuclear fuel assembly should have quite high performance requirements. Among them, zirconium niobium alloy is widely used in heavy water reactor, nuclear power plant and submarine reactor shell material, but the current zirconium niobium alloy product quality is not satisfactory, there are the following problems: 1. (2) corrosion resistance and mechanical properties have room for improvement.
Continue Reading →Zirconium niobium alloy is heat treatment strengthened alloy, quenching - cold processing aging treatment can also improve the corrosion resistance.
Continue Reading →Tantalum and niobium market recovery application growth in recent years, with the demand for computers, digital cameras, mobile phones, vehicle-mounted electronic systems, the demand for tantalum is gradually out of the trough. Tantalum concentrate prices have also returned to normal. In recent years, the world's total demand for tantalum is about 2,000 tons, while the demand for niobium is more than 20,000 tons. The main USES of tantalum are tantalum powder for capacitors and tantalum wire, which account for more than half of the total consumption. Niobium is mainly used as an additive in iron and steel, which accounts for nearly 90% of the total consumption. In 2000, the consumption of tantalum peaked. The total consumption of tantalum reached a record 2,235 tons. Niobium demand has been flat. Characteristics: tantalum deposit size is small, ore grade is low, Mosaic size is fine and dispersed, polymetallic companion, resulting in difficult mining, difficult separation, difficult selection, low recovery rate; The occurrence state is poor and there are few mines with large-scale open-pit mining.
Continue Reading →Some components in an integrated circuit have components made up of layers, including molybdenum (Mo), titanium tungsten (TiW), and aluminum nitride (AlN). One such device is a volume sound wave (BAW) device with a stack of layers of molybdenum, titanium tungsten and aluminum nitride. Aluminum nitride forms an acoustic resonator in which the molybdenum layer is used as an electrical contact or electrode on the acoustic resonator. Titanium tungsten layers and oxides are formed on each side of the acoustic resonator to form Bragg mirrors.
Continue Reading →High temperature alloy refers to as the base, iron, nickel and cobalt in the high temperature of 600 ℃ above and must stress under the action of the long-term work of the kind of metal material, has excellent high temperature strength, good resistance to oxidation and thermal corrosion resistance, good fatigue properties, fracture toughness and other comprehensive performance, also known as "super alloy, mainly used in aerospace field and energy field.
Continue Reading →Modern aircraft such as spacecraft, artificial satellites and rockets, missiles, supersonic aircraft is towards high speed, high altitude, big thrust, long distance, high accuracy and safety in the direction of the development of zirconium and hafnium compounds (and) for some excellent performance, in addition to small nuclear structure and coating materials, also used in the Apollo spacecraft on the relevant parts. Hafnium can also be used as a small volume and high energy rocket propellant.
Continue Reading →Uranobite, also known as beta, contains 26.6% uranium trioxide, 34.80% niobium pentoxide and 18.30% titanium dioxide. Isometric crystal system, a= 10.32a, symmetrical m3m. Crystal octahedron, diamond dodecahedron. Color brown to black, stripe brown, hardness 4 ~ 5, relative density 3.75 ~ 4.82. Occurs in granite pegmatite. The varieties of beta include: rare earth beta, tantalum beta, lead beta aluminum beta, thorium beta and lead beta;
Continue Reading →Tantalum and its alloy blank can be produced by powder metallurgy process or smelting process. Powder metallurgy technology is mainly used to produce small tantalum products and blank for processing. Powder tantalum raw materials obtained by thermal reduction or electrolysis are pressed and shaped for vacuum sintering. Sintering process depends on the requirements of product use. A sintering (1600 ~ 2200 ℃) used in the production of smelting with electrodes and the porous anode. Secondary sintering is used to produce blank for forging, rolling and drawing. Forging or rolling is often carried out between sintering and sintering, and the processing rate is about 50%. Secondary sintering temperature is 2000 ~ 2700 ℃.
Continue Reading →Reducing fuel consumption and harmful waste (CO2, NOX, etc.) emissions have become one of the main driving forces and directions of technological progress in the automobile industry. Research shows that lightweight is an effective measure to save fuel and reduce pollution. For every 10% reduction in vehicle quality, fuel consumption can be reduced by 8% to 10%, and exhaust emissions can be reduced by 10%. In the aspect of driving, the acceleration performance of the vehicle after lightening is improved, and the vehicle control stability, noise and vibration are also improved. From the perspective of collision safety, after the vehicle is lightweight, the inertia is small and the braking distance is reduced.
Continue Reading →Since hafnium is easy to emit electrons, it can be used as a cathode of X ray tube. Furthermore, alloys of hafnium and tungsten or molybdenum are also used as electrodes for high voltage discharge tubes. According to a 2012 report, a research team led by Andrew flovitt of the department of engineering at the university of Cambridge in the United Kingdom has developed a new hafnium oxide with higher dielectric constant, which is expected to be used to make the next generation of more miniature electronic equipment, photovoltaic manufacturing equipment and more efficient photovoltaic cells.
Continue Reading →Superconducting materials and superconducting technologies have broad application prospects. The meissner effect in the phenomenon of superconductivity allows people to make superconducting trains and ships using this principle, as these vehicles will operate in a state of suspension without friction, which will greatly improve their speed and quietness and effectively reduce mechanical wear. Superconducting suspension can be used to manufacture wear - free bearings, which can increase the speed of bearings to more than 100,000 revolutions per minute. Superconducting trains, which successfully tested the feasibility of carrying passengers in the 1970s, began trial operations in Japan in 1987, but often failed, possibly due to bumps caused by high-speed travel. The superconducting ship was launched for trial on January 27, 1992 and has not yet entered the practical stage. Using superconducting materials to make transportation tools still has some technical obstacles, but it is bound to cause a wave of transportation vehicle revolution.
Continue Reading →Heat exchanger (also known as heat exchanger or heat exchanger) is a device used to transfer heat from hot fluid to cold fluid to meet specified process requirements. It is an industrial application of convection heat transfer and heat transfer. Heat exchangers can be classified in different ways. According to its operation process can be divided into three categories: interwall type, mixed type, reheat type (or reheat type); According to its surface compact degree can be divided into compact type and non-compact type.
Continue Reading →Nb - based elastomers are nb - based alloys used as elastomers and components. Nb - based elastic alloy has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, good sensitivity, quick measurement, high precision, no magnetism, low temperature drift and wide frequency response range.
Continue Reading →As a surgical implant material, titanium and its alloy have many advantages, such as small density, high strength, good toughness, good biocompatibility, non-toxic, low elastic modulus, good corrosion resistance and low X-ray absorptivity, which play an increasingly important role in medical metal materials.
Continue Reading →Nb - w alloys are usually prepared by powder metallurgy and smelting. The powder metallurgy method is to prepare the billet by mixing, pressing and sintering niobium, tungsten and other element powder into prealloy bars, and then use two or more vacuum electron beam smelting or vacuum arc smelting or the two smelting methods. The aim of electron beam smelting is to remove impurities (such as interstitial elements, low melting point metals and non-metallic impurities) in the prealloy bars, to control the alloy composition and to prepare a certain size billet. The aim of vacuum arc melting is to prepare the billet with more uniform composition, smaller grain size and larger diameter. Ingot billet machining after squeezing breakdown and forging temperature above 1200 ℃, and then under 500 ℃ temperature rolling, drawing, to the preparation of bar, sheet, strip, wire, etc.
Continue Reading →Also called high temperature thermocouple, precious metals platinum rhodium have single platinum rhodium (10 - platinum rhodium platinum rhodium) and double platinum rhodium (30 - platinum rhodium platinum rhodium 6), as temperature measurement sensor, usually with temperature transmitter, controller and display instrument, such as process control system, to directly measure or control in the production of a variety of fluid over a range of 0-1800 ℃, steam and gas medium and solid surface temperature.
Continue Reading →The patented technology of the utility model discloses a smelting system of zirconium niobium lead alloy, which comprises a successively connected zirconium niobium lead electrode block processing device, a vacuum filled argon welding box and a vacuum self-consuming electric arc furnace. The preparation system of the patented technology of the utility model realizes the assembly-line production of zirconium niobium lead alloy and greatly improves the production efficiency. The patented technology of the utility model adds lead on the basis of conventional zirconium and niobium alloys……
Continue Reading →Precision medical "was included in the national key research and development, belongs to the category of" much starker choices-and graver consequences-in planning ", our country medical human bone implantation of not less than 3 million cases each year, tens of thousands of each price to more than 10, early application of the material is stainless steel, nickel chromium alloy, nickel titanium alloy, 2, 3 years recently popular TC4 titanium alloy, the material containing nickel, chromium, or harmful elements such as aluminum, vanadium, and because of its elastic modulus is beyond human bones too much, materials with low affinity, Medical experts and the market are in urgent need of new non-toxic and harmless materials with good human affinity to improve the current situation.
Continue Reading →Platinum has a proportion of 21. 45g/cm3, much more than gold and silver. Hardness is 4. 3. Melting point is 1769.c. It is resistant to high temperature and is not easy to be oxidized in air. Not only can it be rolled into a very thin foil of platinum, but if one gram of platinum is pulled into a thin line, it can extend as long as 2,000 meters. These properties make platinum very useful in industry.
Continue Reading →The biomedical composites are mainly used to replace the damaged or missing human tissue structure, so as to repair the shape and performance of tissue. The problem of biocompatibility needs to be considered during the implantation of this material, among which the mechanical compatibility requires that the mechanical properties of the implanted material should be adapted or matched with human tissue. Too low strength leads to material fracture and instability, and too high will cause damage to surrounding tissues, making the material implantation site difficult to heal for a long time, namely the "stress shielding" effect.
Continue Reading →With the rapid development of national economy, the demand of medical titanium alloy is increasing with its excellent performance. As a metal material with excellent biological properties, titanium and its alloy have a good application prospect in the field of medicine. However, compared with developed countries, there are still some gaps in the development and application of titanium alloy in China. For example, high elastic modulus, poor surface activity, poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy will directly affect the biocompatibility of materials. Therefore, in order to develop new titanium alloys with better comprehensive performance, China should strengthen the research and development of materials, pay attention to innovation, and develop bio-medical titanium alloys with low elastic modulus, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility.
Continue Reading →The niobium cobalt antimony alloy (NbCoSb) was once an unidentified alloy material that "" looks" "metal, and" "personality" "is more like a semiconductor. Because it is expected to be a new generation of high-temperature thermoelectric materials, many scientists have tried to synthesize pure 1:1:1 nb, cobalt and antimony, but no one has succeeded yet. What's going on here?
Continue Reading →A nonferrous alloy formed by adding other elements to a zirconium matrix. The main alloy elements are tin, niobium, iron and so on. Zirconium alloy in 300 ~ 400 ℃ high temperature and high pressure in the water and steam have good corrosion resistance, moderate mechanical properties, low thermal neutron absorption cross section of atoms, has good compatibility to the nuclear fuel, more material used for water-cooled nuclear reactor core structure. In addition, zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance to a variety of acids, bases and salts, and has a strong affinity with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Therefore, zirconium alloy is also used in the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant parts and pharmaceutical mechanical parts. It is widely used as a non-evapotranspiration disinfectant in the electric vacuum and light bulb industries.
Continue Reading →Titanium sponge had to be remelted in an electric furnace to become a viable ingot, and titanium was active at high temperatures and difficult to process. Pure titanium is very soft and generally not suitable for use as a titanium product, so other elements need to be reintroduced. For example, the titanium 64 commonly used in the aviation industry should be mixed with many other elements to improve the metal performance. (I don't know what to add.) titanium is hard to machine. It's not hard, but it's sticky. I used a file to file the ti-64 handle, and the pattern of the file was quickly filled with slag. It is said that because the speed is too low titanium can not be peeled at all, and if the speed is too high……
Continue Reading →Tantalum powder of existing technology has complex shape, stone block structure, sheet structure and spongy structure, rough surface; Moreover, the poor sphericity and particle size distribution of tantalum powder lead to poor fluidity and formability of tantalum powder particles, which limits the use of these powders, especially their use in the manufacture of printed products. In particular, the existing process of tantalum powder also has the defect of low density, which affects the mechanical properties of the printed parts……
Continue Reading →In the process of turning from blank to finished product, the total thickness of the metal layer excised on a machining surface is called the total machining allowance of the surface. The thickness of the metal layer removed by each process is called the inter-process machining allowance. For rotating surfaces such as outer circle and hole, machining allowance is considered from diameter, so it is called symmetrical allowance (bilateral allowance), that is, the actual thickness of metal layer excised is half of machining allowance on diameter. The machining allowance of plane is the one side allowance, which is equal to the actual thickness of the removed metal layer……
Continue Reading →The most widely used cast titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Its casting property is best, organization, performance, stability, under 350 ℃ has good strength and fracture toughness. It can replace stainless steel for aviation and chemical industry.
Continue Reading →Screw is a common fastener, widely used in machinery, electrical equipment and buildings. General material is a metal or plastic, cylindrical, the surface engraved with concavoconvex groove is called threads.
Continue Reading →1. Application of lanthanum bromide
So far, scintillation crystals have been widely used in many fields, such as nuclear physics, high energy physics, astrophysics, geological exploration, petroleum logging, nuclear medical imaging, and industrial nondestructive examination. In general, the main indicators to measure the scintillation crystals are density, optical yield, attenuation time, energy resolution and other aspects. Different fields have different requirements on the performance of scintillation crystals, and a great variety of scintillator materials are generated accordingly.
A recently discovered set of materials could enable rapid battery charging, improve the likelihood of a smartphone fully charging in minutes, and accelerate adoption of major clean technologies such as electric cars and solar power.
Continue Reading →Platinum rhodium thermocouple is also called high temperature thermocouple, precious metals platinum rhodium have single platinum rhodium (10 - platinum rhodium platinum rhodium) and double platinum rhodium (30 - platinum rhodium platinum rhodium 6), as temperature measurement sensor, usually with temperature transmitter, controller and display instrument, such as process control system, to directly measure or control in the production of a variety of fluid over a range of 0-1700 ℃, steam and gas medium and solid surface temperature.
Continue Reading →Rising commodity prices may have renewed the market's enthusiasm for Africa's resources, but with the mining industry in Cape Town, coal and iron ore markets are unlikely to be the focus.
The boom in electric vehicles and the changing industrial demands that have accompanied them have made previously thin metals (from cobalt lithium to praseodymium rare earths) a new hot spot for African mining.
Pt-Rh thermocouple has the highest accuracy, best stability, wide temperature range, long service life and high temperature limit in thermocouple series. Suitable for oxidizing and inert atmospheres or for short-term use in a vacuum, but not for reducing atmospheres or atmospheres containing metallic or non-metallic vapors. B type thermocouple is an obvious advantage don't need a compensation for the compensation conductor, because in the range of 0 ~ 50 ℃ and internal potential less than 3 mu V.
Continue Reading →It is mainly divided into metal and non-metal compound and non-metal intercompound. The former include refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, chromium, titanium and zirconium, as well as rare earth metals such as boride, carbide, nitride, silicified, phosphide and sulfide. The latter such as boron carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, boron phosphide, silicon phosphide etc.
Continue Reading →Superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon. Over the past century of research on superconductivity, new superconducting material systems have emerged one after another, and the strange behaviors of superconductivity have been discovered constantly. At the same time, superconducting materials have important application value in energy, medical treatment, communication and other fields. In recent years, with the discovery of high temperature superconductivity of single-layer fese-srtio3 system, interface superconductivity and superconductor-base interaction become a new hot spot in the study of superconductivity. However, the preparation of single-layer superconductors requires extremely stringent conditions, including an ultra-high vacuum environment of 10-10 Torr, expensive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) equipment, and specific monocrystalline substrates.
Continue Reading →An alloy whose substrate is iridium containing other elements. It is a kind of precious metal material with special purpose. Iridium alloy has high melting point, high chemical stability and good thermal strength. But most iridium alloys are brittle and difficult to process, limiting their use. Common iridium alloys include ir-40rh, ir-70rh, ir-20ru and ir-10ru. Common iridium alloys include ir-40rh, ir-70rh, ir-20ru and ir-10ru. Iridium alloy is mainly used as high temperature oxidation resistance thermocouple and electrical contact materials, the use of Ir - Rh in thermocouple temperature can be as high as above 2000 ℃. Iridium alloy can be used to improve the processing performance of iridium with a small amount of tungsten or hafnium, and the addition of trace amounts of aluminum, iron, thorium and so on to improve the impact toughness. As a result, iridium alloy has high melting point and high temperature strength, good thermal shock resistance, and is compatible with graphite and PuO2 at high temperature. It is selected as the nuclear fuel container material for aerospace and medical applications.
Continue Reading →In the forging process, the induction furnace argon is used for shielding smelting, the ingot must be heated and then processed for cold processing, and the fine wire of 0.008mmP-tIr25 alloy is drawn. It is difficult to smelt and process 60% iridium alloy by electric arc furnace.
Continue Reading →Titanium alloy infantry fighting vehicles, titanium alloy is A synonym for high-end and expensive metal in people's impression, especially military fans know that the former Soviet union built titanium alloy submarine a-class attack nuclear submarine, which is more valuable than gold. How can our army equip such expensive equipment?
Continue Reading →The main process of tantalum smelting is to decompose concentrate, purify and separate tantalum and niobium to make the pure compounds of tantalum and niobium, and finally make the metal.
Hydrofluoric acid decomposition, sodium hydroxide melting and chlorination can be used to decompose the ore. The separation of tantalum and niobium can be achieved by solvent extraction (common extractant is methyl isobutyl copper (MIBK), tributyl phosphate (TBP), sec-octanol and acetamide), step crystallization and ion exchange.
Metallic zirconium, also known as sponge zirconium, is a silver-gray metal with a steel-like appearance and luster. Melting point 1852 secondary point, secondary point, boiling point 4377 density 6.49. Zirconium absorbs hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen easily. Zirconium's affinity for oxygen is very strong, zirconium oxygen dissolved in 1000 ℃ can make its volume increased significantly. Zirconium is relatively stable in air. The powdered zirconium is easy to burn, and the fine zirconium filament can be ignited by a match. At high temperature, it can be directly combined with dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen.
Continue Reading →Driven by user demand for more comfort, safety and functions, the automobile industry has become a rapidly developing market area. Various electronic systems are equipped into modern cars, many of which directly affect the reliability of the car and the safety of the passengers. Conversely, this means that the electronic components used in critical electronic systems must be very reliable. Capacitors are widely used in many automotive electronic systems, and their quality, stability and reliability must be strictly controlled by automakers. Tantalum capacitors and niobium oxide capacitors can improve the performance of automotive systems.
Continue Reading →As a refractory metal, niobium has been used in space field. Niobium tungsten alloy has high strength at high temperature and good plasticity at room temperature. It can be made into various processing materials and parts by conventional forming processing technology, which can be used for space shuttle skin, nuclear reactor engineering, jet engine parts, space power generation system thermal radiation screen and catheter, etc. China's chang 'e-3 related facilities part of the use of niobium tungsten alloy.
Continue Reading →In order to better explain the mechanism of superconductivity enhancement of heavy stacking tantalum disulfide thin films, the research team used density functional theory to simulate and analyze the electronic structure of the two materials. The results show that the electron delocalization at the interface is enhanced due to the distortion between layers, which leads to the increase of electron density near Fermi surface and the enhancement of superconductivity. Tantalum disulfide film is higher in temperature.
Continue Reading →In the early days of the struggle for supremacy between the United States and the Soviet union, the Soviet union developed a large number of submarines, especially some later nuclear submarines, in order to cope with the maritime threat posed by the aircraft carrier battle group of the United States. The operational performance was excellent, which greatly enhanced the strategic deterrence capability of the Soviet union underwater. And one of the characteristics of Soviet nuclear submarines was that they liked to use titanium alloy to make pressure-resistant shells. So why? What's the advantage of titanium alloy? In fact, the reason is very simple, since the submarine's compression shell, of course, is to resist pressure.
Continue Reading →Nickel base superalloy. The main alloy elements are chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, boron, zirconium, etc. Among them, chromium ACTS as antioxidant and corrosion resistance, while other elements act as reinforcement. In 650 ~ 1000 ℃ high temperature had a higher strength and oxidation resistance, gas corrosion resistance, is the most widely used in high temperature alloy, high temperature strength of the highest kind of alloy. It is used to manufacture high-temperature components on aero engine blades and rocket engines, nuclear reactors and energy conversion equipment.
Continue Reading →Sponge zirconium, also known as metallic zirconium, is a silver-gray metal with a steel-like appearance and luster, used in aerospace, military industry, nuclear reaction, etc.
Continue Reading →Niobium plays a role of solid solution strengthening and carbide precipitation strengthening in high temperature alloy to improve yield strength and surface stability of high temperature alloy. The weight of niobium is one of the lighter metals in refractory metals and one of the factors of high temperature alloy. Niobium nickel alloy, as an additive of nickel base superalloy, is mainly used to produce 718 alloy. Niobium can be added into permanent magnetic alloy to improve its coercivity.
Continue Reading →Tantalum alloy based on tantalum adds other elements to the alloy. Tantalum anode oxide film is very stable, corrosion resistant, dielectric properties excellent, suitable for making electrolytic capacitor. Tantalum is highly resistant to chemical corrosion. Except for hydrogen fluoride, sulfur trioxide, hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid and alkali, tantalum can resist the corrosion of all organic and inorganic acids. Therefore, it can be used as corrosion resistant materials for chemical industry and medicine. Tantalum carbide is an important additive in the manufacture of cemented carbide. Tantalum is also used in some tubes. In 1958, ta-10w alloy was put into production.
Continue Reading →The raw materials of rhenium mainly come from the by-products of molybdenum smelting process. Generally, rhenium content in molybdenum concentrate is between 0.001% and 0.031%. But the rhenium content of molybdenum concentrate from porphyry copper mine can reach 0.16%. In addition, some copper, platinum metal ore, niobium mine, zinc blende smelting dust, slag, waste liquid processing low-grade molybdenum ore and rhenium waste materials such as platinum rhenium catalyst and rhenium waste alloy can also be used as raw materials for rhenium production.
Continue Reading →Niobium tungsten oxide can be used as the positive electrode of lithium ion battery, which makes the lithium ion battery have higher power and faster charging speed. The new batteries could be adapted to more new devices, such as electric vehicles and grid-level storage for renewable energy. The battery has three parts: the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte connecting the poles. When a lithium-ion battery discharges, the ions move from the cathode to the anode, and when it is charged, from the anode to the cathode. The faster the lithium ions in the battery move, the faster the battery charges, and the higher the power in the process.
Continue Reading →Niobium is an important industrial raw material with good corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, deformation resistance and thermoelectric conductivity. It is widely used in steel industry, aerospace industry, military industry and nuclear industry. Eighty percent of the region's iron ore products are used in the iron and steel industry, and over 90 percent of the industrial superconducting materials are made of niobium and tantalum alloy conductors, which is an important strategic resource. This paper introduces the development history, production and consumption situation and market characteristics of global niobium mine application, summarizes and analyzes the current investment situation of world resources, and emphatically introduces the main global niobium mineral resources in the exploration and development stage.
Continue Reading →Modern aircraft such as spacecraft, artificial satellites and rockets, missiles, supersonic aircraft is towards high speed, high altitude, big thrust, long distance, high accuracy and safety in the direction of the development of zirconium and hafnium compounds (and) for some excellent performance, in addition to small nuclear structure and coating materials, also used in the Apollo spacecraft on the relevant parts. Hafnium can also be used as a small and energetic propellant for rockets.
Continue Reading →Tantalum excellent chemical properties, high corrosion resistance. In both cold and hot conditions, the hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia "reaction. But tantalum corroded in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, and under 150 ℃, tantalum is not concentrated sulfuric acid corrosion, only in the higher temperature will have a reaction, 1 year, in the 175 degrees of sulfuric acid corrosion thickness is 0.0004 mm, the tantalum in 200 ℃ of sulfuric acid soaking for one year, the surface damage of only 0.006 mm. At 250 degrees, the corrosion rate increased, to corrode the thickness of 0.116 mm a year, at 300 degrees, the corrosion Speed is more faster, soak 1 year, the surface corrosion of 1.368 mm. In fuming sulfuric acid corrosion of SO3 (including 15%) than in the sulfuric acid is more serious, in the 130 - degree of the solution for 1 year, the thickness of surface corrosion is 15.6 mm. Tantalum will also be phosphoric acid corrosion at high temperature, but the reaction occurred in 150 degrees of above commonly, in 85% of the 250 degrees of phosphoric acid, soak 1 year, surface corrosion of 20 mm, in addition, tantalum can quickly dissolved in hydrofluoric acid and mixed acid of nitric acid, can be dissolved in hydrofluoric acid. But more fear of alkali tantalum, 40% in 110 - degree concentration of caustic soda solution , tantalum can be quickly dissolved, in the same concentration of potassium hydroxide solution, as long as 100 degrees can be quickly dissolved. In addition to the above, the general inorganic salt corrosion under 150 degrees generally cannot tantalum. Experiments show that tantalum at room temperature, the alkali solution, chlorine, bromine water, dilute sulphuric acid and many other drugs don't work, only under the effect of hydrofluoric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid. The situation in the metal is relatively rare.
Continue Reading →A superconducting material is a material that exhibits properties of zero resistance and repulsion of magnetic field lines at low temperatures. 28 elements and thousands of alloys and compounds have been found to be superconductors. Niobium superconducting material.
Continue Reading →Zirconium is a rare metal. Its melting point (1852 + 2) ℃. It's a carbide forming element. Zirconium is a powerful deoxidization and denitrification element in the process of steelmaking. Zirconium can refine the austenite grains of steel, which can be combined with sulphur to form zirconium sulfide, thus preventing the hot brittleness of steel.
Continue Reading →It is conducted in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum degree of 1 x 10-2 ~ 1 x 10-3 Pa. A thick, full-sized workpiece with a protective coating or foreskin allows rapid heat treatment in the atmosphere. Zircaloy tube stick in the middle of the annealing temperature about 700 ℃, recrystallization began about 500 ℃, 600 ℃ when the grain coarsening obviously. Finished pipes of eliminating stress annealing at 450 ~ 450 ℃, finished pipes of recrystallization annealing at 530 ~ 530 ℃.
Continue Reading →The exploration types of rare metallic endogenetic and weathering crust deposits are divided according to the size, morphology and mineralization uniformity of the ore body:
First Ⅰ types: massive ore bodies (> 800 m long and wide or deep > 500 m), simple form, a layer, layer, slab, huge lenticular and vein, mineralization evenly to more evenly. There are alkali feldspar granite deposit, weathering crust deposit, baiyun obo nb and rare earth deposit.
The tantalum niobium industry production is given priority to with wet smelting smelting and method, the production of major products are tantalum acid potassium fluoride, tantalum oxide, oxidation, niobium, tantalum, niobium tantalum carbide, metallurgical grade niobium capacitor grade tantalum powder and tantalum materials, oxide of high purity product is mainly used for tantalum lithium crystal, carbide used for cemented carbide, potassium is a raw material for tantalum powder, tantalum and tantalum powder tantalum is a high volume of capacitor materials. At present, tantalum niobium domestic annual demand is in 800~1000 tons tantalum oxide (100% tantalum), national production capacity is about 140~150 tons. Most of the remaining raw materials are imported from Africa.
Continue Reading →High strength titanium alloy refers to titanium alloy whose tensile strength is between 1100 and 1400MPa at room temperature. The first to be used in industry is Ti13V11Cr3Al substabilized bionic titanium alloy, whose tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1350MPa. Later, Ti15V3Cr3A13Sn, a cold-formed plate titanium alloy, and Ti8V6Cr4Mo3A14Zr, a semi-stabilized bionic high strength titanium alloy, are developed.
Continue Reading →Rhodium, is a silvery white hard metal with high reflectivity. Rhodium metal typically does not form oxides, and even when heated, oxygen in the atmosphere is only absorbed at the point of heating to the melting point of rhodium, but is released during solidification. Rhodium has a higher melting point than platinum and a lower density than platinum. Rhodium is insoluble in most acids. It is completely insoluble in nitric acid and slightly soluble in aqua regia. The element symbol Rh, derived from rhodon, meaning "rose", was discovered and separated by vlaston in 1803 because the solution of rhodium salt presented the reddish color of the rose. Rhodium belongs to platinum elements.
Continue Reading →At present, there are two kinds of indium, indium primary and indium secondary. Primary indium is mainly extracted from raw ore and is the main source of smelting indium at present. Recycled indium is the smelting of waste metals, mainly as a by-product of the smelting process of ores such as lead, zinc, copper and tin, but the total amount of recycled indium is not large.
Continue Reading →Hafnium wire, made of hafnium metal. In nature, hafnium is often symbiotic with zirconium, and all zirconium containing minerals contain hafnium. Hafnium and zirconium are similar in quality, and hafnium are mainly found in zirconium quartzite. The amount of HfO2 in industrial zircons is 0.5-2%. The beryllium zircons in the secondary zirconium ore contain up to 15% HfO2. There is also a metamorphic zircon, which contains more than 5% HfO2. The latter two minerals have few reserves and are not yet used in industry. Hafnium is mainly recovered during the production of zirconium.
Continue Reading →Rhenium tungsten thermocouple is high temperature resistant thermocouple. It has the advantages of good linear relation between temperature and potential, reliable thermal stability and low price. It can measure the temperature of liquid, steam and gas media directly. It can partially replace platinum rhodium thermocouple as a high and new metallurgical industry, high temperature electronic thermoelectric system structure engineering and space vehicle for nuclear reactors. The relationship between rhenium tungsten thermocouple thermoelectric potential and temperature conforms to zbn05003-88 scale, which is equivalent to astme 696-84 standard. In a vacuum, reduction, inert atmosphere, can be used within 0 ~ 2300 ℃. The use of special protection tube of tungsten-rhenium accidentally can also in the oxidation atmosphere of the long-term use under 1600 ℃, its price lower than platinum rhodium thermocouple.
Continue Reading →Palladium membrane usually refers to the tubular or sheet metal palladium or palladium alloy. The structure can be divided into two types: self-supporting type and loading type (also called composite membrane). The dense palladium membrane has the only hydrogen penetration. Therefore, the research on palladium membrane is of great significance in hydrogen purification. In addition, because of the unique purification performance of palladium alloy membrane diffusion method, it is incomparable with other physical or chemical methods, and is the main process of hydrogen isotope extraction, separation and purification at present.
Continue Reading →Corrosion resistance is affected by the environment. For example, monel alloy is a corrosion resistant metal material, but it is only used for corrosion protection of chloride, seawater and alkali, and it is not used in nitric acid, acid iron salt, tin salt, hydrochloric acid or high concentration sulfuric acid. So what are the corrosion reasons of metal materials?
Continue Reading →Titanium powder is required for 3D printing of titanium alloy parts, but this important raw material has long been imported. "Additive manufacturing" is actually the scientific name of 3D printing. Titanium has the characteristics of light texture, good flexibility and so on. However, the stability and consistency of titanium powder produced in China are poor, so the performance of printing parts fluctuates greatly, which affects the batch application of 3D printing titanium alloy components in important projects.
Continue Reading →Nuclear fuel is uranium, which was burned into small cylindrical uranium oxide ceramic pellets, piled up in the tube made of zirconium alloy cladding, make it their slender rods, and the fuel rods according to certain rules are assembled into a fuel assembly, is available for plant use. The reactor core at the plant contains hundreds of such nuclear fuel assemblies, weighing dozens of tons. Zirconium alloy is a nonferrous alloy with zirconium as the base and other elements added. With the constant improvement of the performance requirements of nuclear fuel components, developed has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and radiation resistance of high performance nuclear grade zirconium alloys has been the nuclear main research direction of the advanced countries. Nuclear grade zirconium alloy and high performance in the high temperature and high pressure steam and water is a must have good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of moderate and low atom thermal neutron absorption cross section, has good compatibility to the nuclear fuel, so only can be used as a water-cooled nuclear reactor core structure materials (fuel cladding, pressure pipe, bracket and channel), which is the main purpose of the zirconium alloy.
Continue Reading →The surface quality of welded parts and titanium welding wire has a great influence on the mechanical properties of welded joints. Iron plate and titanium welding wire can be mechanically cleaned and chemically cleaned.
Continue Reading →Platinum-group metals have the advantages of excellent catalytic activity, high selectivity, long service life and recyclable regeneration. Their research and development are of great significance to industrial and social development.
Continue Reading →The main useful component of ore (the main useful component refers to the main component of ore which has economic value and can be extracted and utilized independently under the current technical and economic conditions). For molybdenum, China's yanjizhangzi molybdenum mine in liaoning province, jinduicheng molybdenum mine in shaanxi province, luanchuan molybdenum mine in henan province, ruyang molybdenum mine and Climax mine in the United States are all single molybdenum ores. In China, the reserves of single molybdenum ore only account for about 14% of the total reserves in China.
Continue Reading →Precious metal elements with excellent physical and chemical properties (such as high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, electrical properties, excellent electrical conductivity, high temperature thermoelectric performance and stable temperature coefficient of resistance, etc.), high catalytic activity, strong coordination ability and so on, USES in industry, the application of "small, small, fine, broad", the characteristics of modern so called "industrial vitamin". Precious metals are closely related to the development of modern high-tech.
Continue Reading →Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1950s. It has high strength, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. In the 1950s and 1960s, the development of high temperature titanium alloy for aero-engine and structural titanium alloy for airframe was mainly carried out. A number of corrosion resistant titanium alloys were developed in the 1970s. Since the 1980s, corrosion resistant titanium alloys and high strength titanium alloys have been further developed. Titanium alloy is mainly used to make aircraft engine compressor parts, followed by rocket, missile and high-speed aircraft structural parts.
Continue Reading →Lanthanated tungsten electrode is European countries introduced in the eighty s hope replace thorium tungsten products improved varieties, once launched, with its excellent welding performance attention and is very popular in international welding area, especially the European welding academic, for this reason, the lanthanum tungsten volume after the thorium-tungsten electrode, but awareness is not high in the domestic market. Its characteristic is that the conductivity is closest to 2% thorium tungsten electrode, the durable current is high and the burn rate is low.
Continue Reading →The content of cerium dioxide in common alloys is 1% ~ 2%. It is used instead of thorium tungsten alloys to avoid radioactive contamination. It is type dispersion strengthened alloy, CeO2 exist in particle dispersion in tungsten alloy, thus improve the high temperature strength of tungsten alloy, recrystallization temperature and high temperature creep properties, at the same time improve the thermionic emission performance. The preparation method of tungsten-cerium alloy is the same as that of thorium tungsten-thorium alloy.
Continue Reading →PVD, or physical vapor deposition, is an advanced surface treatment technology widely used in the world. Its working principle is under the condition of vacuum, the use of gas discharge so that gas or evaporate part material from, or evaporate substances in gas ions bombard function at the same time the evaporation or their reactants deposition on the substrate. It has the characteristics of fast deposition speed and clean surface, especially the advantages of strong adhesion of film layer, good winding property and wide range of plating materials. The world's advanced magnetron sputtering ion plating and multi-arc ion plating technology equipment, and on this basis with international experts on the process innovation. With more than 10 years of valuable experience in the decorative plating industry, we provide our customers with the most suitable coating processing scheme.
Continue Reading →Production methods
At 2300 ℃, 15 to 180000 atmospheres of high temperature and high pressure environment, in the center of a small natural diamond as a seed, in the kind of drill is surrounded by high temperature metal liquid, on the upper deck of the molten metal is graphite, in such an environment the carbon atoms in graphite can marched toward the diamond out of metal atoms to form new diamond. The Russian group halted research on artificial diamonds after the end of the cold war because of funding problems, and later recovered with funding from U.S. jewelers. In 2005 America's synthetic diamond production line had a capacity of 5 carats an hour. Recently, Russian scientists have developed artificial diamonds with diameters of around 3mm that are completely consistent with the structure of natural diamond crystals. It is believed that with the deepening of research, artificial diamonds like natural diamonds can be made in the near future.
Metal powder is the basic and key material of metal 3D printing process. Avant has been committed to the research and development of high quality 3D printing alloy powder materials. It is reported that avant is developing a new generation of plasma atomization (PA) powder making technology, which will introduce a new super high purity spherical titanium alloy powder product ama-ti6al4v to users around the world.
Continue Reading →It was 1820, and David, an English chemist, did an experiment in which platinum was wetted with alcohol and then ignited. He found that the alcohol was burning so hard that it made the platinum hot and gave off a very bright light. So David made a platinum wire alcohol lamp and used it to light it. This lamp has been in vogue in Europe for many years.
Continue Reading →Also known as K platinum, it is an alloy, is made after gold and other white metal fusion. It's called WG(White Gold), which means White Gold. White K gold jewelry commonly used "18K platinum" or "14K platinum". It's essentially 18K gold, but it's white.
Continue Reading →A ring is a decorative ring worn on the finger. Rings can be worn by women and men and can be made of metal, gems, plastic, wood or bone. Throughout history, the ring has been considered a token of love, eternity, loyalty, and honor.
Continue Reading →Both tungsten and rhenium are high-melting metals and are widely used in high-temperature fields. But they also have disadvantages, pure tungsten is brittle, recrystallization temperature is very low; Rhenium is poorly processed and expensive. Their applications are greatly restricted. Made components with the rhenium tungsten rhenium tungsten alloy, the alloy overcomes the drawback of pure tungsten and rhenium, has many excellent properties, such as high melting point, high strength, high hardness, high plasticity, high resistivity, high thermoelectric potential value of the recrystallization temperature, high, low vapor pressure, low electron work function and low plastic a brittle transition temperature, etc., at the same time they also have excellent resistance to "water cycle" response performance, the price is lower than the pure rhenium 75 ~ 95%.
Continue Reading →The density of titanium alloy is bigger than aluminum alloy, but smaller than steel.
Titanium alloy frame is lighter than aluminum alloy frame, however, because a larger than aluminum alloy, the strength of the titanium alloy made of titanium alloy frame can minimize while guarantee the strength of the materials, so although is greater than the density of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy product titanium frame is more lighter than aluminium frame.
Titanium mesh is mainly used for screening and filtration under acid and alkali environment, or for separation of gases, liquids and other media. Titanium mesh can be applied to high temperature resistant filter, shipbuilding, war industry manufacturing, chemical filter, mechanical filter, electromagnetic shielding wire mesh, mesh, high temperature furnace heat treatment desalination network, oil filter, food processing, medicine, filtering, etc.
Continue Reading →Iridium alloy can use a small amount of tungsten or hafnium improve the processing properties of iridium, mixed with trace aluminium, iron, thorium, such as improving the impact toughness, so of iridium alloy with high melting point and high temperature strength, good thermal shock resistance, and at high temperature and graphite PuO2 compatible, was chosen for aerospace and nuclear fuel container materials thermoelectric devices for medical use. Iridium and it is used to grow high melting point alloy crucible oxide crystals, it can work in 2100 ~ 2200 ℃ for long and don't react with oxide materials. To save precious metals and reduce the cost of crystal growth, developed in recent years, several kinds of composite crucible, namely in the refractory metal molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten crucible formed on a certain thickness of iridium or iridium layer, this kind of the service life of crucible co., LTD., widely used at low temperature.
Continue Reading →Due to titanium alloy contain a variety of alloy element, which contains some high activation energy element, its status in the alloy is relatively stable, so the titanium alloy in plastic deformation has great energy, also has certain processability. However, the thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is poor. In the cutting process, the cutting heat will be concentrated on the cutting tool. Therefore, the thermal load of titanium alloy material is large and the tool is damaged. Therefore, the common method to improve the production efficiency by increasing the amount of excision per unit time range is not suitable for the processing of titanium alloy materials. Therefore, the proper processing method should be chosen for different titanium alloy materials.
Continue Reading →A thin filamentous metal iridium processing material. Iridium wire resistance coefficient is 6.03 x 10-2 Ω was/m, the tensile strength of 1493 mpa, the elongation is 10% ~ 20%. By powder metallurgy method and fused cast - pressure processing method can produce 0.15 mm Ф filaments. Iridium wire is used as high temperature antioxidant thermocouple material and filament material. Ir - W thermocouple E2200 ℃ = 44.19 mv, within the scope of the 1000 ~ 2000 ℃, the relationship between thermoelectric potential and temperature almost in a straight line, but can only be used in the neutral atmosphere or vacuum.
Continue Reading →In today's world, the level of high-end manufacturing in a country determines the overall level of its military industry and civil industry, while high-end new materials directly determine the level of high-end manufacturing. High - purity zirconium and hafnium are excellent examples of high - end new materials.
Continue Reading →Bone defect is a common disease in orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery, which is caused by trauma, infection and tumor resection. Broke through new Gao Jiangren porous titanium alloy structure of the subject design, precise preparation technology, and combining the titanium alloy material manufacturing technology, electron beam in situ preparation of barium titanate piezoelectric ceramic surface treatment technology and ultrasonic treatment in vitro technology, developed a porous titanium alloy artificial bone material that could satisfy the requirement of bone tissue repair.
Continue Reading →Vanadium alloy of fast neutron absorption cross section is small, the liquid metal lithium, sodium, potassium, etc. With good corrosion resistance, and good strength and plasticity, good processability, and can resist radiation embrittlement, radiation-hardened swelling, under the irradiation has good dimensional stability, is an important reactor structural materials. Typical vanadium alloys include v-15ti-7.5 Ct, v-15cr-5ti, v-10ti, v-20ti, v-9cr-3fe-1.5 zr-0.05 C. These vanadium alloys are used as fuel sheaths and structural elements for liquid metal cooled fast neutron breeder reactors. Other Vanstar7(v-9cr-3fe-zrc), Vanstar8(v-9cr-3ta-zrc), Vanstar9(v-6fe-3nb-zrc), v-40nb-1.3 Zr, v-9cr-10w-1.5 Zr, v-9cr-10ta-1.25 Zr, etc.
Continue Reading →Palladium is the fifth cycle Ⅷ clan members of platinum group elements, transition metal palladium is silvery white, soft, good ductility and plasticity, forging, rolling and drawing. The massive metal palladium can absorb large amounts of hydrogen gas, making the volume expand significantly, become brittle and even break into fragments. It is a chemical element found in the platinum mine by British chemist wollaston in 1803. It is an indispensable key material in aerospace, aviation and other high-tech fields as well as automobile manufacturing.
Continue Reading →The artificial radioisotope 192Ir was obtained by neutron radiation from the stable element 191Ir.
Decay gives off radioactivity, with a half-life of 74.2d, and is often used in industrial testing. (in normal circumstances, after 10 half-lives of radioactive materials, the radiation intensity is not strong enough to cause harm, and the use of iridium source for industrial detection is a relatively safe option.
Platinum group metals, also known as platinum group elements. Six metallic elements, including platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh), belong to cycle 5 and 6 in the periodic table. Native element in the gemological application widely, including precious metals palladium jewelry - white to be bestowed favor on newly, the international fashion jewelry platinum, palladium for pge deposit in a minimum of two kinds of mineral and metallurgical properties of the two is quite similar, because its too rare, similar purposes, so often do substitute each other in the various applications.
Continue Reading →General welding and brazing (brazing) and soft soldering (soldering) the difference between soft brazing melting by lower melting point (below the melting point of workpiece itself) to form solder connection, without heating melting the artifact itself.
There are many sources of energy for welding, including gas flame, arc, laser, electron beam, friction and ultrasonic wave. In addition to being used in factories, welding can be done in a variety of environments, such as fields, underwater and space. No matter where it is, welding may bring danger to the operator, so proper protective measures must be taken in welding. The possible injuries caused by welding include burns, electrocution, visual impairment, inhalation of toxic gases, and excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Recently, after the patient's postoperative review, theron xian metal material co., LTD. The lattice structure of success will be a custom tantalum knee support components, used for revision surgery was carried out on the 83 - year - old female patient. The company first disclosed its success in adding and manufacturing tantalum components using the selective electron beam melting (SEBM) system in February 2018.
Continue Reading →In nature, vanadium is difficult to exist in a single body, mainly forming symbiotic ore or compound ore with other minerals. Now find contain vanadium mineral there are more than 70, but the main minerals have the following 3 kinds: vanadium titanium magnetite (in the world except the United States v extraction from potassium vanadium uranium, other countries mainly produce vanadium in extracting vanadium from vanadium titanium magnetite); Potassium vanadium uranium ore (a major source of this mineral in the United States and elsewhere); Petroleum-associated ore (a mineral that lives in crude oil and is increasingly important in central American countries because of its abundance). At present, 98% of the proven reserves of vanadium resources are found in vanadium titanium magnetite, and the content of V2O5 can reach 1.8%.
Continue Reading →Nickel titanium alloy is the most important and most widely used in shape memory metal alloy, because of its unique memory recovery features, super elasticity, fatigue resistance, and biocompatibility, so it has been applied to cruise too, the people's livelihood, medical and other industries. Is nickel titanium alloy of nickel and titanium in about 50% of the proportion, according to the proportion of alloy, forming process and the heat engine process control, can be adjusted according to different applications to phase transition temperature and mechanical properties of alloy.
Continue Reading →Rhenium can increase the creep strength of nickel-high temperature alloys, which can be used to make combustion Chambers, turbine blades and exhaust nozzles for jet engines. Rhenium nickel alloy is the core material of modern jet engine blade, turbine disc and other important structural parts. The use of rhenium can improve the performance of nickel-based high temperature alloys. Alloys can also be made for single crystal blades. Both of these functions allow turbines, especially high-pressure ones, to operate at higher temperatures. In this way, the designers can increase the pressure on the turbine and improve the operating efficiency. Or the engine could speed up fuel combustion and generate more thrust. In addition, the operating temperature can be kept low and the difference between the actual operating temperature and the maximum allowable temperature of the turbine can be increased, thus extending the service life. People can also consider both aspects of the engine and improve the performance and durability of the engine.
Continue Reading →An artificial hand equipped with a shape memory alloy called muscle has been created that is more flexible and lighter than the current artificial hand. The "muscle fiber" of the hand consists of bundles of ultrafine nickel-titanium wire that can be tensed and bent, allowing the artificial hand to perform more precise movements. The technology could be used in industrial robots as well as new prosthetic limbs.
Continue Reading →Sputtering target is mainly used in electronics and information industry, such as integrated circuit, information storage, liquid crystal display, laser memory, electronic control devices, etc. It can also be used in the field of glass coating. It can also be used in wear-resistant materials, high temperature corrosion resistant, high - grade decorative products and other industries.
Continue Reading →Whether to contain titanium alloy elements can be divided into pure titanium and titanium alloy, and titanium alloy according to its composition and organization of different can be divided into the alpha titanium alloy at room temperature and close alpha type alloy, (alpha + beta) type alloy type, close beta alloy and beta type alloy. Titanium and titanium alloys can be used to prepare silk materials with different requirements according to different properties. Titanium and titanium alloy wire products are generally hard (Y) and annealing (M).
Continue Reading →Titanium alloy is an alloy based on titanium with other elements added. The density of titanium alloy in 4.51 g/cubic centimeters commonly, only 60% of the steel, the specific strength of titanium alloy (strength/density) than other metal structure material, can make the unit high strength, good rigidity, light components.
Continue Reading →Platinum is a chemical element, whose elemental substance is commonly known as platinum and belongs to the platinum element system. Its chemical symbol Pt is one of precious metals. Atomic weight 195.078, slightly less than that of gold, atomic number 78, is a transition metal. Melting point 1772 ℃, boiling point 3827 + 100 ℃, the density of 21.45 g/cm 3 (20 ℃), soft, good ductility, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. As a gray spongy substance, sponge platinum has a large specific surface area and has a strong absorption capacity for gases (especially hydrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide). Powdered platinum black absorbs large amounts of hydrogen. Platinum chemical inertness, stable in air and humid environment, lower than 450 ℃ when heated, the surface oxide platinum thin film, high temperature can react with sulfur, phosphorus, halogen. Platinum is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and alkali solutions, but soluble in royal water and molten alkali.
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