Tantalum alloys for aero engine components (such as Ta-W and Ta-Nb alloys) are used in the combustion chamber linings and turbine blade coatings of the new generation of aero engines due to their extremely high melting points (~3000°C) and corrosion resistance. Aviation tests have been conducted on nickel-based superalloys containing tantalum (such as the Ta-modified Inconel series), significantly enhancing the lifespan of components under extreme temperatures. Tantalum-hafnium-carbon (Ta-Hf-C) ultra-high temperature ceramic composites for hypersonic vehicles are used in the thermal protection systems of hypersonic missiles (such as nose cones and leading edge).
In the advanced process chips of the semiconductor and electronics industries, tantalum (Ta) and its nitride (TaN) are key materials for semiconductor nodes below 5nm, used in transistor gates and capacitor dielectric layers. Due to the high stability and volume efficiency of tantalum capacitors, the demand for them in electric vehicles and 5G base stations has soared. The innovative laser powder bed melting (LPBF) technology in additive manufacturing (3D printing) has successfully achieved 3D printing of high-density tantalum alloy (Ta-2.5W), providing a new process for customized medical implants and aerospace components.
The pore structure of tantalum in orthopedic and dental applications (such as 3D-printed porous tantalum) can promote the growth of bone cells and has been used in hip replacement and spinal fusion surgeries in recent years. A new type of tantalum alloy coated artificial joint has been launched. Clinical trials have shown that its wear resistance is superior to that of traditional titanium alloys.
