1. Titanium, as an emerging material, has been used for decades in the pharmaceutical industry, surgical instruments, human implants and other fields in China and the world, and has achieved great success.
2. For bone and joint injuries caused by internal injuries and tumors in the human body, artificial joints, bone plates and screws can be manufactured using titanium and titanium alloy. It is also used for hip joints (including femoral head), knee joints, elbow joints, metacarpal and phalangeal joints, lower M-bones, artificial vertebral bodies (spinal orthotics), pacemaker enclosures, artificial hearts (heart valves), artificial dental implants, and titanium mesh for cranial reconstruction.
3. Requirements for implant materials can be classified into three aspects: biocompatibility of materials with human body, corrosion resistance of materials in human environment and mechanical properties of materials. As long-term implant materials, there are seven specific requirements:
(1) Corrosion resistance;
(2) biocompatibility;
(3) Excellent mechanical properties and fatigue properties;
(4) Toughness;
(5) Low elastic modulus;
(6) Good wear resistance in the assembly;
(7) A satisfactory price;
4. Surgical implant materials mainly include: metal, polymer, ceramic, metal materials including stainless steel, base alloy and titanium base alloy.
The comparison of material properties and bone properties and the comparison of implant materials are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, stainless steel is cheap and easy to process, but the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility is not as good as titanium alloy; The wear resistance of t alloy is better than that of titanium alloy, but it is dense and heavy. Titanium and titanium alloys are getting more and more attention because of their high specific strength, good biocompatibility and good resistance to body fluids. The shortcomings of titanium alloy are poor wear resistance, difficult to cast, and poor machining performance.
